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. R. @MILLE-WILLIAMS.

TELBGRAPHY.

Patented. Sept. 29, 896.

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No. 568.675. a.

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Patented sept. 29, 189e.

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Y TBLBGBAPHY. No. 568,675. Patented Sept. 29, 1896.

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(No Model.) i 4 shawls-sheet 4. R. GREVILLE-'WILLMS. TELEGRAPHY.

No; 568,675. Patented sept. 29, 1896.

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' RUPERT GREVILLE-IVILLIAMS, OF I-IEYIVGOD, ENGLAND.

TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 568,675, datedSeptember 29, 1896.

Application filed October 5, 1895. Y Serial No. 564,802. (No model.)Patented in England August l, 1894, No. 14,765, and nach29,1895,N0.6,509.

T0 all when@ t may concern:`

Be it known that I, RUPERT GREVILLE- IVILLIAMS, a subject of the Queenof the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, residing atGreenfield House, Heywood, in the county of Lancaster, England, haveinvented certain newand useful Improvements in Apparatus forElectrically Eifecting the Reproduction at a Distance of Graphic orPictorial Matter, (for which I have obtained the following patents: inGreat Britain and Ireland, No. 14,765, dated August 1,1894, and No.(3,509, dated March 29, 1895;) and I do hereby declare that thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,reference being made to the accompanying drawings, which are to loetaken as part of this specilication and read therewith, and one whichwill enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make anduse the same.

The present invention relates to improvements in automatic apparatus forthe reproduction at a distant receiving-station, by meansof regulatedelectric currents, of facsimiles of manuscripts, sketches, pictures, andother analogous graphie or pictorial matter (hereinafter referred to asvthe design) previously in existence at the transmittingstation.

lllany attempts have heen made to automatically reproduce the design bymea-ns of regulated electric currents in a single line- Wire. In almostall such attempts paper charged with prussiate of potash was employedand the design was attempted to he reproduced by the passage of thecurrent throughit. However, none of these processes or the apparatus inconnection with them are of any commercial value because of the numerousdefects in one or the other. I have now, however, overcome many of thedifficulties which have prevented the previous inventions hecomin gpractical successes. I dispense entirely with chemical processes and yetsucceed in reproducing at long distances automatically and through themedium of a single wire shaded half-tone photographs, manuscripts,facsimiles of prima-drawings, and the like.

The apparatus which is the subject ofV the present invention is somewhatsimilar, as to some of its features, to those described by Bakewell,Bonelli, and Caselliin theirpatents necessitatingl the use ofchemically-prepared papers, but it differs very materially from theirpatents both in general arrangement as Well as in specific details.

My invention includes (A) an improved con` struction of transmitterespecially in respect of the contact-finger; (B) improvements in theconducting-surface of the transmitter; (C) improved inks for theimposition of the design upon the conductingsurface; (D) means forfacilitating the imposition of the design upon the conducting-surface;(E) mechanism for keeping the conducting-surface of the transmitterclean; (F) improved means for regulating the local currents at thereceiving-station by means of the linecurrent; (G) an improved tool orgraver for the receiver; (H) various improved combinations of electricalor mechanical agencies.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, which are to he taken as part ofthis specification and read therewith, Figure 1 is an end elevation ofthe transmitter and includes a diagram of a portion of its circuit. Fig.2is a front elevation of the transmitter. Fig. 3 is a plancorresponding'with Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. l is an end elevation of thereceiver, including a diagram of the remaining portion of thetransmitter-circuit, the relay, and the receiver-circuit. Fig. 5 is afront elevation of the same. Fig. 6 is a plan corresponding with Figs.Ll and 5. Fig. 7 is an end elevation of a transmitter fitted with theimproved conducting-surface and mechanism for keeping such surfaceclean. Fig. 8 is a front elevation corresponding with Fig. 7. Figs. 9,lO, and 11 illustrate a modified type of graver.

Trcmsm'tterf-'lhe transmitter consists of an electric circuit whichincludes a conducting-surface, a contact-iin ger, the line-Wire, and theelectromagnet of a relay. These members of the apparatus, excepting thelastmentioned magnet, are illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, and 3.

The conducting-surface and the contactfinger stand in such position andmechanical relation to each other that practically the Whole of theformer shall be moved regularly past the latter or the latter he passedregu- IOO larly over practically the whole of the former. It is evidentthat this relationship may be established and maintained in more waysthan one. I propose, among others, either of the three following:

(a) The condnoting-surface may be that oi a metal drum rotated at aregular speed about its axis, the contact-finger being traversed overthe drum in a line parallel with its axis. rlhe linger is traversed bymeans of a leading-screw engaging in the arm which carries it, the saidscrew being rotated about its axis, but without linear motion. The widthof the finger-tip and the relative speeds of the drum and screw are soapportioned that the trace of the :linger upon the drum shall be aclosed, or nearly closed, spiral, or, in other words, that every pointof the conducting-surface shall successively pass the linger-tip aforesaid once during the traverse of the latter from one end of the axis ofthe said surface to the other.

(D) The linger may be stationaryr and the drinn receive a linear motionequivalent to its length in addition to the motion of rotation describedunder (c).

(c) The conducting-surface may be that of a (lat table capable of areciprocating linear motion at right angles to that oi the traverse ofthe linger.

lVhichcver method may be adopted, it is obviously a sin@ qua non thatevery point of the cont'lncting surface shall successively pass thelinger-tip or the linger-tip pass over practically the whole of itduring their mutual traverse.

Any suitable motor maybe made use of for the purpose of rotating thedrum and leading-screw aforesaid or for otherwise effecting the mutualtraverse of the conducting-surface and the linger-tip.

'ihe (u) method has been chosen for illustra tion.

A is a parallel metal drum and its perimeter receives theconducting-surface of the transmitter. This drum is fast upon a shaft a,the journals of which are supported in bearings a a', carried by a pairof standards a2 ai, set opposite te each other and at a suitabledistance apart upon a VIirm base o.

i3 is the contact-linger. It isa round stem or rod capable of ato-and-:fro vertical motion through a socket turned in the end of a jibb, the base of which is made fast to asad die b', litted to embrace adouble-V bed o?, upon which it can slide to and fro. This bed is alincdparallel with the axis and surface of the drum A, and the jib t)overhangs the latter just far enough forthe axis of the contact-linger lto be exactljT over the axis of the drinn. The bed U3 is carried bystandards c c', which are set opposite to each other and at a suitabledistance apart upon the base a. above mentioned.

C is a leading-screw. lts journals are sup ported in bearings c c,carried by the standards c c. The leading-screwis parallel with.

the axis of the drinn A and passes through a screwed nut c2, fast to anddepending from the under side of the saddle ZJ', with which lit engagesfor the purpose of traversing the contact-finger ll from one end of thedrum A to the other during the time that the latter is in motion. Thenecessary motions of rotation are imparted to the leadingsscrew C andthe shaft a through a pair of gears a c. These are of theproperrespective diameters to1 in conjunction with the pitch of the screw C,give to the drum A and the said screw C their respectively necessaryrates of motion. Itis a matter of indifference onto whichscrew ershaft-the drivin g im pulse is delivered from the prime mover, providedthe speed of such impulse is correctly adjusted. The shaft is shown asprojecting beyond its gear aflfar enough to receive a drivin g-pulley.It will be noticed that the drum A is twice as long as and twice thediameter of the receiving-drum li described farther on. The object ofthis difference (four to one in respect of area) is to provide forthereproduction et' the natura-l size of a half-tone photograph, forinstance, which it had been necessary to enlarge to four times itsoriginal area on ac count of the minutcness of its details.

Contact-finger.Mlllhen the design stands in insulated relief on the condueting-surlace, proper provision must be made 'to allow of thecontact-finger rising and falling in the socket above mentioned easilyand qnickl y enough to always keep in touch with the su rfacencomluetingor design, as the case may behinnnediately under it. A suitable enlargement of the linger-socket is provided to receive a spiral depressing-sprin g o, the resilicnee of which is exerted between the top of thesocket and an annular shoulder if* upon the stein. ri`he spring l1 issuiliciently weak to yield before the :resistance offered by thematerial of the design and strong enough to ellect the quick depressionor return to the condnoting-surface of the drum A of the tip ofthecontact-linger l. TWith reference to the construction of the tip of thecontact-tinger it must be pointed out that it is necessary to makespecial provision against its riv `ing u p the design material when thetwo come into contact and pass eachother, `for if a fragment of suchmaterial were rived up by the tip it might maintain non-contact betweenthe tip and the comluctingsurface for the remainder of the time thetransmitter' was at work, and would do so until such time as the tipcleared itself. According to the present invention, the contact betweenthe tip and ma terial is always of a rolling nature, inasmuch as the tipconsists of a small wheel if, (herciir ait'terward called thecontact-1'oller,) free to turn upon an axis in the bottom end of the linger. The said axis is parallel with the axis oi' the drum A, andconsequently th c `wheel which constitutes the linger-tip works in aplane at right angles with the lastunentiened axis. Some provision isnecessary to prevent. the

IOO

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capacity for-verticalmotion on the part of the finger B allowingit toturn about its axis, for such turning would change the contact betweenthe tip b5 and the drum A from a rolling into a more or less scrapingone. The one illustrated in the figures consists of a screw-pin h6,screwed through the fingersocket in a radial direction and standing withits latnose close up to, but not touching, the faceof a vertical flatsurface 67, formed upon the adjacent side of the nger B and long enoughto allow of the necessary up-anddown motion of the iinger-tip b5.

` Oonductt'ng-smface-According to the present invention, theconducting-surface of the transmitter may be of either platinum, silver,or gold. The selected metal may be .either solid or deposited. l findthat neither of these three metals oxidizes when there is sparkingbetween the roller-Wheel of contact-finger and the conducting-surface tothe same extent as most other metals. For the same reason the saidroller-wheel is made of the same metal (one of the three specifiedabove) as the conducting-surface.

Inks. -The insulating-inks which have been proposed up to the presenttime possess properties which unfit them' more or less for use inconnection with apparatus of the type forming the subject of the presentinvention. One reason is that they are generally too brittle to resistthe pull of the end of the contact-roller as it passes over the matter,and consequently small pieces of the latter are rived up and remain onthe said roller and so maintain it in a more or less insulatedcondition, or the said pieces are dropped onto the transmitter-surface,Where they would be likely to act as partof the imposed design.According to this part of my invention, I make a suitable ink bydissolving india-rubber, gutta-percha, and bitumen in benzin,

toluene, or their homologues, orin other suitable solvents. Thefollowing proportions and process give a typical ink for the purpose ofthis part of the present invention: bitumen, (preferably in the form offine powder, as generally used for half-tone process photographicreproductions,) twelve parts, by weight; pure india-rubber, five parts,and gutta-percha, five parts. These three materials are dissolved inseventy-eight parts of benzin. l iind it more convenient to makeseparate solutions of each material, the three solutions being of knownstrengths, and then mix them together in the requisite proportions.After the mixture has been standing some time it is carefully filtered.It 'is advisable to exclude the light from the solutions and mixture, asotherwise the bitumen is liable to become insoluble. The proportionsabove mentioned maybe varied in either direction without going outsidethe present invention.

Another very useful ink for the purpose is made as follows: One hundredand fifty parts Of gelatin or glue (fish-glue, preferably) and 'onehundred and fifty parts of albumen are dissolved in water (about threehundred parts) and about thirteen parts 'of bichromate of ammonium, orpotassium or sodium dissolved in about one hundred and iifty parts ofwater are added. This mixture is preferably colored with suitablecoloringmatter, such as pure soluble blue, and should be protected asmuch as possible from actinic light until imposed.

The inscribed matter is written on the surface of the metallic sheetwith an ordinary pen, and the sheet is then heated to a temperature offrom 80 to 130. I iind a good result is obtained at a temperature ofabout 100. In any case the sheet must not be heated to a highertemperature than 100 before it is dry or the ink will boil and produceblisters.

The bichromate may be left out, but the results are not generally asgood as when it is included. These inks can also be used withoutheating.

Design--The design-that is, the original which is required to bereproduced at the receivingstationmay be written, printed, photographed,or stenciled. My invention imposes no limit upon the nature ofthematerial in which or the process by which it is produced. The designmay be of conducting material supericially surrounded by nonconductingmaterial in relief--e. g., a negative photograph upon the drum A-or itmay be in conducting material flush with nonconducting surface,produced, e. g., by imposing the design in resist upon the drum A,etching down the bare surface of the latter, cleaning off the design andfilling the etching with resist; or it maybe in intaglio, produced, e.g., by taking a negative photograph upon the drum A, etching the design,cleaning oft the resist, and filling in the etched portions with resistflush with the surface of the drum A. When the design is in relief uponthe said surface, proper provision must be made to allow of thecontactfinger rising and falling in the socket above mentioned easilyand quickly enough to'always keep in touch with the surface-conductingor design, as the case may be-im1ne diately under it. A suitableenlargement of the iinger-socket is provided to receive a spiraldepressingspring b3, the resilience of which is exerted between the topof the socket and an annular shoulder b4 upon the stem. The spring b3 issufficiently weak to yield before the resistance offered by the materialof the design and strong enough to effect the quick .depression orreturn to the conducting-surface of the drum A of the tip of thecontact-linger B.

Imposition of the design upon the conducting-siwfctce-.rl`l1is part ofmy invention is illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8. The conductingsurface isfrequently (but then only for convenience in working it past thecontact-roller h5) cylindrical.

A cylindrical surface is a IOO IIO

difficult one to impose the design upon, either by any manualinstrument, e. g., pen or pencil, or by means of a photographicnegative. Aecordin g to the present invention the actualconducting-surface is provided by one side of a thin sheet or film ofany ol' the metals before specified or of a combination of them. Suchsheet or film e is held to the drum lA by any suitable device. Thislatter may be a clamp, a wedge, holding-strip, er

screws, or of any other convenient and suitable construction so long asit extends longitudinally ofthe drum A and is capable of holding thesheet or film s' to the surface of the said drum by grasping the twomargins of it, which will then be opposite and adjacent to each other.The device illustrated in the figures consists of a double-V or undercutgroove c", formed in the face of the drum from one end of it to theother and in a direction parallel with the axis of it. The two oppositemargins z2 of the sheet or lilln are turned down over the respectivesides of the groove e" and held thereto by a wedge e of the same contouras the groove. I also nd that the use of corrugated sunk rollersactuated with a nut or lever works satisfactorily. The above apparatuscan also be used on the receivingscylinder to hold the paper,sheetmetal, or other surface to which the image is transmitted.

lcepz'ag the co1ducting-Smfdcc 0][71 e transmitter cZcCm.-Experiencewith transmitters and their contaet-iingers shows that it is possible,even when the most elastic of the inks heretofore known have been used,for fragments oi the design imposed in such ink to be rived up. Themischief which may be done by this accidental riving up has been alreadyexplained. The mechanism which I propose to use for removing thefragments above mentioned as well as other foreign matter from eitherthe contact-roller or from the comlueting-surface is illustrated inFigs. 7 and 8. It consists of a reservoir y, adapted to be kept chargedwith high-pressure air through a pipe y', controlled by a valve y2, andto discharge an air-blast through a pipe g/S and nozzle y, controlled bya valve 7/5, directly against the front edge of the contactroller b5.

TrCmSnwtter-crcait.*D is the battery of the transmitter-circuit. Thislatter is also the line-circuit. It consists throughoutits length ol' asingle conductor. The conducting-surface A is connected to earth d. Onepole of the battery is connected tothe contact-finger B, e. g., througha connecting-screw d on the jib h. It is of course a'matter ofindifference how the current is led to the tip h5 of the contact-fingerB so long as an efficient insulation, as cl2, is inserted between it andthe conducting-surface A. From the other pole of the battery theline-wire d is led away to the receiving-station. As the contactdingertip h5 is insulated from the cendueting-surface A, it follows thatcurrent can flow through the line-circuit only when it is closed bycontact of the tip hi with the surface A. During the time that the tipif is rolling over any `portion of the design the line-circuit is, ofcourse, opened and kept open by the noneonducting property of thematerial of such design.

Receiver and local circuits-#ldlc receiver consists of areceiving-surface, a local electrie circuit containing one or moreelectromagnets (the latter having a common armature) as well as acireuit-eloser or switch adapted to open the receiver-circuit when theline-circuit is closed, and a striker or marker connected to or carriedby or under the con trol of the armature ol` the said one or moreelectromagnets. In addition to the above there must be an electromagnetpart of `the circuit-closer above mentioned) in the lineeireuit, adaptedwhen it is excited te operate the circuit-closer or switch in the localor receiver circuit, the last-mentioned electro1nagnet and switchconstituting a relay. The above-enumerated members el the apparatus areillustrated in l, 5, and G. It is preferable that the relay be fixed ator near to the receivingstation. A current of ordinary strength in thetransmitter-cireuit or linewire will meet the requirements of thepresent invention.

The striker or marker and the receivingsurface are moved in unison witheach other or relatively to each other on the same principle and for thesame reasons that decide the respective motions of theconducting-surface and the contact-roller of the transmitter. Mechanismsanalogous to those specified in connection with the transmitter maybeused for producing the said respective motions in the receiver. The oneillustrated is substau tially the same as the one illustrated in Figs.l, 2, and 3 and has been selected because for some purposes I regard itas the most convenient one.

F is a parallel drum. Its perimeter, or a sheet held thereto, is thereceiving-surfaee upon which the graphic matter on theconducting-surface A of Jthe transmitter is reproduced. This drum isfast upon a shaft f, the journals of which are supported in bearings j"j", carried by a pair of standards j f3, set opposite to each other andat a suitable distance apart upon a firm base f.

G is the striker, graver, or marker. Its body is a round rod adapted tomove freely to and fro in a direction radial to the drum F in guides gg, fast upon a saddle g. This saddle is carried lathewise upon adouble-V bed g2, upon which it can slide to and fro. This bed is alinedparallel with the axis and surface of the drum F and supported uponstandards g5 g, set opposite to each other and at suitable distancesapa-rt upon the base f3. The traverse of the saddle to and fro upon thebed (2 is ellected by a lcziding-screw q, the journals of which areadapted to revolve, without imparting any linear motion to the screw, inbearings g4, carried by the stand-- ards g5 g5. The leading-screw g3 isparallel with the axis of the drum F and passes through a screwed nut g,fast to and depending from the under side of the saddle g', with whichthe said screw engages for the purpose of traversing the striker fromone end of the drum F to the other during the time that the transmissionof matter upon the conductingsurface of the transmitter is proceeding.

The necessary motions of rotation are imparted to the leading-screw g3and the shaft f through a pair of gears f4 Q7. These are of the properrespective diameters to, in conjunction With the pitch of the screw g3,give to the drum F and the said screw their respectively necessary ratesof rotation. It is a matter of indifference onto Which-screwor shaftthedriving impulse is delivered from the prime mover, provided that thespeed of such impulse is correctly adjusted. The shaft is shown ascontinued beyond its left-hand bearing and there broken oif, therebyindicating a connection (omitted from the ii gure) to some othermechanism. The type of motor by which, and the mechanism through Whichthe gears f4 Q7 are driven is outside the scope of the presentinvention.` It is of importance, however, that the rates of thetransmitter and of the receiver shall be identical or according to anypredetermined ratio, and also, subject to this ratio, synchronous. Ifthe said rates are identical and the surfaces of transmitter andreceiver of the same size, the reproduction Will be facsimile. If thesesurfaces differ in diameter, the reproduction Will be either larger orsmaller, While if the number of the rotations of the transmitting andreceiving cylinders differa corresponding distorted reproduction will beproduced. If a reversed image is required on the receivingsurface forthe purpose of etching and printing or engraving and printing, this canbe produced by reversing the relative linear motions of the receiving ortransmitting cylinders. One cylinder can be used as a receivingtransmitting cylinder provided that it is fitted with the receiving andtransmitting mechanism before described.

With reference to the exact kind or type of the receiving-surface and ofits striker, graver, or marker the present invention does not impose anylimit. The two are correlated so as to produce the desired result-areproduction in some superficial form-by means of the actuatingmechanism described. Any suitable pen or pencil or style andtransfer-paper may be made use of. I find that a very convenient meansis to cover the receiving-surface With resist and then take oif thetransmitted design With the graver, but I unreservedly disclaim the useof chemically-prepared paper with a fixed receiving-style and anycombination in which the local or any current passes through thereceiving style or marker.

Improved tool or graver for the receiver.- This is illustrated in Figs.9, l0, and Il. The improvement consists in making the tool to rotateabout its axis and to therefore cut after the manner of -a drill. I isthe improved tool. It is fitted to revolve about its axis in the guidesg g as well as to slide to and fro therein. The necessary rotary motionis communicated to it by any suitable mechanism driven in any convenientWay. The present invention does not limit nie in respect of either themotor or the intermediate mechanism by and through which the aforesaidrotary motion is communicated to the improved graver. The motor andmechanism illustrated in the iigures consist of a shaft Q, carried inbearings Q Q in the ends of brackets Q Q', bolted upon the standards f2f2, and havinga pinion Q2 fast on one end of it and gearing with theWheel Q7. Q3 is a shrouded pulley adapted by the engagement of a featherQ4 on the pulley in a straight groove Q5 in the shaft Q to travel to andfro upon the said shaft and to be carried round with it. The to-and-fromotion aforesaid is communicated to the said pulley by fingers QS Q8,fast on the frame M and standing on both sides of the boss of the saidpulley. Q6 is a shrouded pulley fast on the shank of the tool P, and Q7is a band passed round both pulleys Q3 QG.

Receiver or local circuit-H is the electromagnet of the relay abovementioned. As already explained, it is included Within the line-circuit,Which is connected with one of the terminals, the other terminal beingconnected to earth. I is its armature. The latter is pivoted at 'L' inorder that it can swing freely between two contacts J J according as towhether it is under the attraction of its magnet II or under the pull ofthe spiral spring It'. K K are a pair of electromagnets. Both are in thelocal circuit as far as Wiring is concerned, but only one can be excitedat a time by the current in that circuit. The magnet K and the contact Jare connected together, and the magnet K is connected With the contact Jas indicated by the course of the conductors jj. L is the local battery.One pole of it is Wired to the armature I and the other to the remainingterminals of the magnets K K. The said magnets K K are held in aframe Mwith the axis of their coils respectively alined With each other andtheir pole-pieces opposite each other at a sufficient distance to allowof an armature N to oscillate between them, according to which of themis excited. The frame M is carried upon the top of the guides g g, towhich it is made fast. The armature N hangs from pivots n fn., supportedabove the magnets by a galloWs O, which is erected upon the top of thesaddle g. The bottom of the armature is connected to the body of thestriker G in such a Way that its motion of oscillation may put thestriker into Work or Withdraw it. It is shown as bifur- IGO ITO

cated and embracing the body of the striker or marker G between twocollars n a', fast on the striker and close enough to be always in touchwith the armature bifurcations, yet far enough apart to prevent theirinterfering with the free oscillation of the armature between themagnets l( K.

l claimp l. The combination of a platinum contactroller; a drum orsupport, a removable conducting-surface; a line-circuit which incl udesthe said roller and surface; a relay at the receiver end of theline-wire; a local battery and circuit which includes the armature ofthe relay; and a local or receiver circuit comprising two shunt-circuitsand two electromagnets.

f2. rl`he combination with a platinum contacteroller; a drum or support,a removable conducting-surface thereon; a line circuit which includesthe said roller and surface and a circuit-breaker on theconducting-surfaee consisting of a design in inl; compounded of gelatinor glue, albumen and a bichroinate of an alkaline metal.

S. In an electric transmitter in which the eoinlucting-surfaces androllercontaet are both metallic, a circuit-breal er consisting of adesign imposed upon the conduetingsurface in ink compounded of gelatinor glue, albumen and a bichromate of an alkaline metal.

4f. The combination of a platinum contactrollcr; a removableconducting-surface; a line-circuit which includes the said roller andsurface; a relay at the receiver end of the line-wire; a local batteryand circuit which latter includes the armature of the relay; twoshunt-circuits from the local circuit; their respective electromagnets;an armature co1nmon to them both; and a graver or marker ii'ast to thesaid armature.

5. The combination of an electric transmitter; a line-circuit whichincludes the said roller and surface 5 a relay at the receiver end ofthe line-wire; a local battery and circuit which latter includes thearmature of the relay; two shunt-circuits from the local circuit; theirrespective electromagnets; an armature comm on to them both; and agravel' or marker fast to the said armature.

(3. rlhe combination of an electric transmitter; a line-circuit whichincludes the contactroller and the translnitteisurface; a relay at thereceiver end of the line-wireg a local battery and circuit which latterincludes the armature ot the relay; two shunt-circuits from the localcircuit; their respective electromagnets; an armature common to themboth; a graver or marker fast to the said armature; and mechanism forrotating the said graver.

7. The combination of a platinum contact roller; a removableconducting-surface; a linescircuit which includes the said roller andsurface; a relay at the receiver end of the line-wire; a local batteryand circuit which latter includes the armature ol? the relay; twoshunt-circuits; their respective electromagnets; an armature common tothem both; a graver or marker fast to the said arnutture; and mechanisml'or rotating the said graver.

S. The combination ot an electric transmitter; a line-circuitwhichincludes the contact-roller and transmittingsurface thereof; a relay att-he receiver end ol' the line-wire; a local battery and circuit whichlatter includes the armature of the relay; two shunt circuit-s from thelocal circuit; their respective electromagnets; an armature common tothem both; a graver or marker iast to the said armature; mechanism forrotating the said graver; and a metallic receiving-surface.

9. 'lhe combination of an electric transmitter; a linecircuit whichincludes the contact-roller and the transmitting-surface thereof; arelay at the receiver end oi the line-wire; a local battery and circuitwhich latter includes the armature ol therelay; two shunt-circuits fromthe local circuit; their respective electromagnets; an armature coinnionto them both a graver or marker :tast to the said armature; mechanism'for rotating the said graver; and aresist-covered metallicreceivingwsuriace.

10. The combination ol aplatinum contact roller; a removableconductingsui-face; a line-circuit which includes the said roller andsurface; a relay at the receiver end of the line-wire; a local batteryand circuit which latter includes the armature oi' the relay;twoshunt-circuits `from the local circuit; their respective electromagnets5 an armature cemmon to them both; a graver or marker fast te the saidarmature; mechanism for rotating the said graver; and ametallicreceiving-surface.

ll. rllhe combination of a platinum contact roller; a removableconducting-surface; a line-circuit which includes the said roller andsurface; a relay at the receiver end et the line-wire; a local batteryand circuit which latter includes the armature oi' the relay; twoshunt-:circuits from the local circuit; their respective electromagnets;an armature common to them bo th; a graver or marker tast to the saidarmature; mechanism for rotating 'the said graver;andaresist-coveredmetallic receiving-surface.

l2. The combination of a local battery and circuit; two shunt-circuitsfrom the said local circuit; their respective electromagnets; anarmature com mon to both the latter; a graver er marker tast to the saidarmature and mech anism for keeping the said graver or marker inconstant rot-ation duringits inotionboth to and from the saidreceiving-surtace.

13. The combination of local battery and circuit; two shunt-circuitsfrom the said local circuit; their respective electron'iagnets; anarmature common teboth the latter; a graver or marker fast to the saidarmature; a inetallic receivingisurfaee; and mechanism for keeping thesaid graver or marker in con- IOO IIO

in constant rotation during its motion to and 1o from the saidreceiving-surface.

In Witness whereof Ihave hereunto affixed my signature, in presence oftwo Witnesses, this 18th day of July, 1895.

RUPERT GREVILLE-WILLIAMS.

Witnesses:

THos. FEARNHEAD, THOMAS NORTH.

